Blog posts:

1. [to come]

Talks and Papers:

I have edited and upgraded to the new format the following essays and papers:

• on Molinari:
  • "The Struggle against Protectionism, Socialism, and the Bureaucratic State: The Economic Thought of Gustave de Molinari, 1845-1855" [HTML]
  • “Gustave de Molinari (1819–1912): A Survey of the Life and Work of An 'Économiste Dure' (a Hard-Core Economist)” [HTML]
  • "Was Molinari a true Anarcho-Capitalist?: An Intellectual History of the Private and Competitive Production of Security." [HTML]
  • “Gustave de Molinari and the Seven Musketeers of French Political Economy in the 1840s" [HTML]
• on Bastiat:
  • “Frédéric Bastiat on Plunder, Class, And The State” [HTML]
  • “Bastiat's Theory of Harmony and Disharmony: An Intellectual History” [HTML]
  • “Bastiat on The Seen and The Unseen: An Intellectual History” [HTML]

Additions to the Library:

• Updated and revised Bibliography of the Works of Molinari (with 322 items), which is now in a sortable table format. It contains 44 stand alone books, 8 Introductions or Prefaces he wrote for other books, 3 Journals he edited, 17 Pamphlets which were reprints of journal articles, and 249 Articles he wrote for magazines and journals. There are links to the texts in theMolinari collection at this website.
• Updated and revised edition of Molinari, The Bicentennial Anthology of His Writings on the State (1846-1911) containing 24 items In French) with introductions to the texts: in enhanced HTML
• Updated version of Molinari, Notions fondamentales d’économie politique et programme économique (1891) in enhancecd HTML
• Updated version of a collection of articles Molinari wrote at the turn of the millenium about the future of liberty: Thoughts on the Future of Liberty (1901-1911) in enhanced HTML
• Updated version of an anthology of writings by Molinari from his entries in the Dictionnaire de l'Économie Politique (1852-53), comrising 5 “biographical articles” and 25 “principle articles” in enhanced HTML [eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub to come]
• Updated version of Molinari's seminal acticle on "the production of security" - "De la production de la sécurité," Journal des Economistes (15 February, 1849) in enhanced HTML
• Updated version of Gustave de Molinari, Esquisse de l'organisation politique et économique de la société future (1899) in enhanced HTML and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, ePub
  • there is also an English translation of 1904 which is yet to be updated [HTML and facs. PDF]
• Updated version of Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, Collectivism (1908) in enhanced HTML and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub. See also the enlarged 5th French edition of 1909 [facs. PDF]
• New: the important 1st edition (1803) of Jean-Baptiste Say's Traité d’économie politique which includes the very detailed "analytical" table of contents. In August I put online the 6th edition (1841) edited by his son for Guillaumin:
  • Vol. 1 in enhanced HTML and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, ePub
  • Vol. 2 in enhanced HTML and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, ePub
  • 2 volumes in 1 in enhanced HTML; eBook HTML, PDF, ePub
• New: as promised, the much enlarged 4th edition of the French language version of Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, L’État moderne et ses fonctions (1911): enhanced HTML and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub

STATEMENT OF PROGRESS OF FOUR PROJECTS

At the end of l'An IV of the new revolutionary calendar it is time for a statement of progress of the following major projects:

I. A Summary of the Current State of the Bastiat Project at the end of 2023

The Collected Works (in French)

a redesign of the list of Bastiat’s complete works (letters (216); and articles, pamphlets, and books (3323)) with user-sortable tables and links to those texts which I have online in French

his Collected Works (in French) in one large file: Bastiat, The Collected Works in French in Chronological Order (2014, 2024) in enhanced HTML. File word lenth in 2014 - 1.07 million words; 2024 word length 1.367 million words

a re-edit of as much of his Oeuvres complètes (1862-64) as I could get into the enhanced HTML format

• the older version has been deprecated because of the poor coding of the original texts (especially original page numbers)
• the new version which is in enhanced HTML format - the combined tables of contents
  • OC1 Correspondance, Mélanges (1862)
  • OC2 Le Libre-Échange (1862)
  • OC4 Sophismes Économiques, Petits Pamphlets I (1863)
  • OC5 Sophismes Économiques Petits Pamphlets II (1854)
  • OC7 Essais - Ébauches - Correspondance (1864)
• two volumes have been excluded: OC3 (Cobden et la Ligue) and OC6 (Harmonies Économiques), because only the Introduction to CW3 is FB’s work, and I have HE elsewhere (the 2nd edition of 1851)

Important Books and Pamphlets in enhanced HTML:

• the “Introduction” to his first book Cobden et la ligue, ou l’Agitation anglaise pour la liberté du commerce (1845), pp. i-xcvi.
• his first collection of Sophismes économiques (1846)
• his second collection of Sophismes économiques. Deuxième Série (1848)
• my combined version of SE as "2 vols in 1"
• his pamphlet L’État. Maudit Argent (1849)
• his pamphlet Ce qu’on voit et ce qu’on ne voit pas, ou l’Économie politique en une leçon (1850)
• his pamphlet La Loi (1850)
• his posthumous unfinished magnum opus Harmonies économiques. 2me Édition (1851)
• a posthumous collection of his lettres to Madame Cheuvreux Lettres d’un habitant des Landes (1877)

Anthologies of Bastiat's writings:

• an anthology of 13 items on the topic of plunder and class analysis from the above editions of his writings: La Spoliation, la Classe, et l’État (Plunder, Class, and State): An Anthology of Texts (1845-1851). Edited and with an Introduction by David M. Hart (Sydney: The Pittwater Free Press, 2023).
• [unfinished] an anthology of his "election manifestoes" written to support his candidature in elections
• [unfinished] a collection of the three different versions of his pamphlet "L'État", with a lengthy introduction by me

Articles and Papers by me on various aspects of Bastiat's life and work (revised and enhanced)

• “Frédéric Bastiat on Plunder, Class, And The State” [HTML]
• “Bastiat's Theory of Harmony and Disharmony: An Intellectual History” [HTML]
• “Bastiat on The Seen and The Unseen: An Intellectual History” [HTML]

II. A Summary of the Current State of the Molinari Project at the end of 2023

Places to Begin:

1. An updated and much larger "Bibliography of the Works of Molinari" [HTML]. There are 44 stand alone books, 8 Introductions or Prefaces he wrote for other books, 3 Journals he edited, 17 Pamphlets which were reprints of journal articles, and 249 Articles he wrote for magazines and journals (primarily the JDE). He also wrote 5 biographical articles and 25 “principle articles” for the DEP which make a sizeable book in their own right. The bibliography is in a table format which is sortable by title, source, and date and is linked to the texts of his at this website.
2. A revised survey of his life and work (22 pp.): “Gustave de Molinari (1819–1912): A Survey of the Life and Work of An 'Économiste Dure' (a Hard-Core Economist)” [HTML].

Anthologies of some of his key writings:

1. "The 2012 Anthology" (the 100th anniversary of his death): "Gustave de Molinari (1819-1912): Founding Father of the Anarcho-Capitalist Tradition. His Theory of the State: from 'The Production of Security' to Rule by the 'Budget-eating Class' " (16 items in PDF only) [ToC HTML].
2. "The 2019 Anthology" (the 200th anniversary of his birth): The Bicentennial Anthology of His Writings on the State (1846-1911). 297 pp. With 24 items (in French) with introductions to the texts (in English) in enhanced HTML.
3. his collected DEP articles (1852-53): The Collected Articles from the Dictionnaire de l'Économie politique (1852-53). 269 pp. Edited as part of the 200th anniversary celebrations of Molinari's birth. With 5 biographical articles and 25 “principle articles” (in French) in enhanced HTML.
4. the "Future of Liberty" trio of articles: Gustave de Molinari, Thoughts on the Future of Liberty (1901-1911. In French in enhanced HTML.

Important Books and Articles in enhanced HTML:

1. Early Works on the "Production of Security"
   1. "De la production de la sécurité," in Journal des Economistes, Vol. XXII, no. 95, 15 February, 1849), pp. 277-90. [HTML]. Also in the Bicentennial Anthology [HTML].
   2. Les Soirées de la rue Saint-Lazare; entretiens sur les lois économiques et défense de la propriété (1849). [HTML].
   3. Cours d’économie politique, 2 vols. 2nd revised and enlarged edition (1863). 2 volumes in 1. [HTML].
2. The Tetralogy of Books on the Evolution of the State and Industry (Markets)
   1. L’évolution économique du XIXe siècle: théorie du progrès (1880) [HTML].
   2. L’évolution politique et la Révolution (1884) [HTML].
   3. Grandeur et décadence de la guerre (1898) [HTML].
   4. Économie de l'histoire: Théorie de l'Évolution (1908) [HTML].
3. Other Important Works in HTML
   1. Les Révolutions et le despotisme envisagés au point de vue des intérêts matériels (1852)
      [HTML].
   2. Notions fondamentales d'économie politique et programme économique (1891) [HTML].
   3. Esquisse de l'organisation politique et économique de la société future (1899)
      [HTML]

Articles and Papers by me on various aspects of Molinari's life and work (revised and enhanced)

1. "Was Molinari a true Anarcho-Capitalist?: An Intellectual History of the Private and Competitive Production of Security" [HTML].
2. “Gustave de Molinari (1819–1912): A Survey of the Life and Work of An 'Économiste Dure' (a Hard-Core Economist)” [HTML].
3. "The Struggle against Protectionism, Socialism, and the Bureaucratic State: The Economic Thought of Gustave de Molinari, 1845-1855" [HTML].
4. “Gustave de Molinari and The Seven Musketeers of French Political Economy in the 1840s” [HTML].

III. A Summary of the Current State of the Comte and Dunoyer Project at the end of 2023

Places to Begin:

1. the "new" Bibliography of the Works of Charles Comte and Charles Dunoyer
   1. old Bio/Bibliography of Works of Charles Comte
   2. old Bio/Bibliography of Works of Charles Dunoyer
2. Biographical Articles in The Encylopedia of Libertarianism (2008) - Comte [PDF] - Dunoyer [PDF]

Journals:

1. Le Censeur (1 July 1814 - 6 September 1815) - ToC with links to PDFs
2. Le Censeur européen (February 1817 - 17 April 1819) - ToC with links to PDFs

Anthology:

1. An Anthology of Articles from Le Censeur (1814-1815) and Le Censeur europÉen (1817-1819) [35 items]

Important Books in enhanced HTML:

1. Charles Dunoyer, L’Industrie et la morale (1825) - enhanced HTML
2. Charles Comte, Traité de législation (1826-27) - 4 vols in 1 in "enhanced HTML"
3. Charles Dunoyer, Nouveau traité d’économie sociale (1830) - 2-vols-in-1
4. Charles Comte, Traité de la Propriété (1834) - 2-vols-in-1

Articles and Papers by me

1. My PHD: Class Analysis, Slavery and the Industrialist Theory of History in French Liberal Thought, 1814-1830: The Radical Liberalism of Charles Comte and Charles Dunoyer (2013 version; upgraded version in process).

IV. A Summary of the Current State of the Leveller Project at the end of 2023

Places to Begin

1. a new sortable bibliography: "Leveller Tracts and Pamphlets: By Advocates, Supporters, and Opponents" with 325 items (137 of which are online)
2. an overview of The Leveller Tracts and Pamphlets Project
3. "Biographies of the Leading Levellers (and Others)":
   1. The "Big Three": John Lilburne | Richard Overton | William Walwyn
   2. A Couple of "Big Names": James Harrington | John Milton
   3. Arch-Critics: Thomas Hobbes | Robert Filmer

Anthologies: 2 are underway and near completion

1. "Protests of 'The Little People' " (17 items)
2. "Agreements, Petitions, Remonstrances, and Declarations of the People (1646-1659)" (25 items)

Important Debates within the Army

1. The Putney Debates (Oct-Nov. 1647)
2. The Whitehall Debates (Dec. 1648-Jan. 1649)

Other Things of Interest

1. "The Art of the Levellers": a discussion of their "cover art" and title pages (120)
2. the moving eloquence of some of the tracts
   1. Richard Overton, An Arrow against all Tyrants and Tyranny (12 October, 1646)
   2. John Warr, The Corruption and Deficiency of the Lawes of England (11 June, 1649)

Paul Leroy-Beaulieu (1843-1916)

Gustave de Molinari (1891-1912)

New this month to the eBook Collection on Liberty and Power - [ToC]

Blog posts:

1. [to come]

Talks and Papers:

• a revised position paper on “The Prospects for Liberty: Some Thoughts on Goals, Threats, And Strategies” (Aug. 2022) - HTML
• a paper I have written for the Centre for Independent Studies for the celebration of Smith's 300th anniversary: in Adam Smith and why he matters today. Essays on the relevance of Smith after 300 years. Paul Oslington and David M. Hart. With a Foreword by Peter Kurti (CIS Occasional Paper 199. December 2023). Online at the CIS.
  • Paul Oslington, “Smith, the Scottish Enlightenment and Beyond,” pp. 2-7
  • David M. Hart, “Smith on the ‘Great System of Government’ and its Political Machine,” pp. 8-15
  • Paul Oslington, “Smith and Rent Seeking in Australia,” pp. 15-20

Additions to the Library:

I have updated to the new format the following works:

• Andrew Marvell (1621-1678)'s influentiual critique of despotic government, An Account of the Growth of Popery, and Arbitrary Government in England (1677). In enhanced HTML and facs. PDF; and ebook HTML, PDF, and epub
• continuing our celebration of the 300th anniversary of the birth of Adam Smith (1723-1790) we now have online the student lecture notes of his Lectures on Jurisprudencce which he gave in 1762-63 and 1766: in "enhanced HTML" [there is no facs. PDF] and eBook HTML, PDF, amnd ePub
• the French political economist Paul Leroy-Beaulieu (1843-1916): The Modern State in relation to Society and the Individual (1891). This is a translation of the 1st French edition of 1890. In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• the much larger revised 5th edition of 1911 in French: Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, L’État moderne et ses fonctions (1911) in enhanced HTML and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and epub (to come)
• the French politician and historian Adolphe Thiers' defence of properrty and critique of communism and socialism during the French Revolution of 1848:
  • Adolphe Thiers, De la Propriété (1848) - in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • and the English translation: Adolphe Thiers, The Rights of Property: A Refutation of Communism & Socialism (1848) - in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• the English radical individualist Auberon Herbert, The Right and Wrong of Compulsion by the State (1885). In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• the English radical individualist and leader of the Liberty and Property Defence League: Wordsworth Donisthorpe, Individualism: A System of Politics (1889). In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub

Wordsworth Donisthorpe (1847-1914)

Auberon Herbert (1838-1906)

Adolphe Thiers (1797-1877)

Paul Leroy-Beaulieu (1843-1916)

Andrew Marvell (1621-1678)

New this month to the eBook Collection on Liberty and Power - [ToC]

Blog posts:

1. [to come]

Talks and Papers:

• I was interviewed by Rob Forsyth for his podcast series “Liberalism in Question” at the Center for Independent Studies. We covered a range of subject matter dealing with the history and theory of the classical liberal tradition.

The Pittwater Free Press:

A selection of works from the Guillaumin Collection are now available on Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing as ePub (“Kindle”) and “print on demand” (POD) paperback books. I have called my publishing venture “The Pittwater Free Press” as my study where all this activity takes place overlooks a body of water known as Pittwater, named in 1788 in “honor” of William Pitt the Younger who was the current PM of Britain. I like to think that there was considerable smuggling of alcohol through Pittwater to the young colony of Sydney in violation of the military ban.

As the symbol of the Guillaumin Collection I use a colour image of a French Phrygian or Liberty Cap. Unfortunately Amazon doesn’t like colour inside the books so I had to find a black and white version. Is is a Roman coin which depicts the cap and the dagger used to kill the tyrant Julius Caesar.

The Amazon publishing process is quite complex but there are some useful tools to make the process more efficient, such as Canva to create higher resolution covers, Kindle Preview to format my HTML in the required way, and Google Chrome browser to set the margins more precisely in the PDF. The first stage of the experiment produced 5 texts (links are to POD version):

1. Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations (1st edition 1776) [POD]
2. Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1st ed. 1759, my edition is 1790) [POD]
3. Étienne de la Boétie, Discourse of Voluntary Servitude (c.1570s, 1735) [POD]
4. Herbert Spencer, Social Statics (1851) [POD]
5. Gustave de Molinari, Les Soirées de la Rue Saint-Lazare (1849) [POD]

Additions to the Library:

• new book: the two volume work by Charles Comte, Traité de la Propriété (1834). In enhanced HTML [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1] and facs. PDF [vol1 and vol2]; and eBook HTML [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1], PDF [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1], and ePub [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1]
• new book: the two volume work by Charles Dunoyer, Nouveau traité d’économie sociale (1830). In "enhanced HTML" [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1], facs. PDF [vol1 and vol2]; and eBook HTML [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1], PDF [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1], and ePub [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1]
• I have updated to "enhanced HTML" John Stuart Mill's Principles of Political Economy (the 7th edition of 1871, the last to appear in JSM's lifetime). It is available in 2 volumes [Vol1 HTML and facs. PDF and vol2 HTML and facs. PDF; as well as "2-vols-in-1" in HTML. In various eBook formats: HTML [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1], PDF [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1], and ePub [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1]
• I have updated to the new format: The Complete Libertarian Forum 1969-1984. Volume 1: 1969-1975 and Volume 2: 1976-1984. Edited by Murray N. Rothbard. In "enhanced HTML".
• An important work on natural law by the German legal theorist and historian Samuel von Pufendorf (1632-1694) on De jure naturae et gentium libri octo (On The Law of Nature and of Nations in Eight Books) (1672), the abbreviated version of which was translated into English as The Whole Duty of Man according to the Law of Nature (1691). In enhanced HTML and facs. PDF, and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub. This work pairs nicely with Hugo Grotius' The Rights of War and Peace ... , the Law of Nature and Nations, and the Principal Points relating to Government which we put online in March.

Samuel von Pufendorf (1632-1694)

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

Charles Dunoyer (1786-1862)

New this month to the eBook Collection on Liberty and Power - [ToC]

Adam Smith (1723-1790)

Charles Comte (1782-1837)

Charles Dunoyer (1786-1862)

Blog posts:

1. “The Great Books of Liberty – the “Guillaumin Collection” (25 September, 2023)
   

Talks and Papers:

• I was intereviewed by Ross Cameron on TNT Radio about “The Great Books of Liberty – the ‘Guillaumin Collection’ ”
• “Putting the ‘Political’ back into Adam Smith’s Political Economy: Smith on Power and Privilege, Faction and Fanaticism, and Corruption and Conspiracies”. A paper given at the History of Economic Thought Society of Australia conference (20 Sept. 2023) held at the University of Canberra. There is an outline of the paper and the full paper itself. See also my study of the "Vocabulary Clusters in the Thought of Adam Smith: Smith’s Theory of Ranks, Class, and Government". Also in PDF.

Additions to the Library:

• I have edited an anthology of Adam Smith's writings on class and the state, most of which appeared in my recent paper on “Putting the ‘Political’ back into Adam Smith’s Political Economy: Smith on Power and Privilege, Faction and Fanaticism, and Corruption and Conspiracies”. I thought it might be useful to bring them under one roof as AS's thinking on this topic is not well known. The 73 quotes or extracts are grouped under the major headings I used in that paper. The items come from AS's three main works - TMS (1759, 1790) - 41 items, LJ (1763 and 1766) - 8 items, and WN (1776) - 24 items. I have created my own "close replica" editions of TMS (1790) and WN (1776) to which I link the quotes.
• The English translation of Ludwig von Mises, Die Gemeinwirtschaft (1922): Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis (1936) in in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• It was 40 years ago that I started at the University of Cambridge working on my PhD on Charles Comte (1782-1837) and Charles Dunoyer (1786-1862). I began reading in earnest the articles in their magazine le Censeur européen (1814-20) and their major books such as Comte’s 6 volume work on law and property (1826-34) and Dunoyer’s ever expanding work on industry and labour (1825-45). A central part of their work was a theory of “industry” and class, whereby an exploiting and parasitic ruling class lived off the “industrious” work of slaves, other coerced laborers, and taxpayers until the “industrial class” began to throw off the yoke of exploitation and create a new, fully free society. This struggle for liberation of the industrial classes was a stop-start process which was still underway during their lifetime. The following works of theirs are online:
  • my anthology of their writings from Le Censeur européen: “enhanced HTML”; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • a revised and upgraded version of Comte’s 4 volume work the Traité de législation (1826-27) with its important 4th volume on slavery:
    • vol1 in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • vol2 in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • vol3 in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • vol4 in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • 4 vols in 1 in "enhanced HTML"; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • Comte's sequel, the 2 volume work Traité de la Propriété (1834) - in enhanced HTML [vol1 and vol2 and 2-vols-in-1] and facs. PDF [vol1 and vol2]
  • Dunoyer’s L’Industrie et la morale (1825) in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  • the expanded version of this work Charles Dunoyer, Nouveau traité d’économie sociale (1830). In "enhanced HTML" [vol1 and vol2], facs. PDF [vol1 and vol2]; and eBooks (to come)
  • see also a revised and upgraded version of my PhD, Class Analysis, Slavery and the Industrialist Theory of History in French Liberal Thought, 1814-1830: The Radical Liberalism of Charles Comte and Charles Dunoyer (1990, 1994, 2013 version) in "enhanced HTML".
  • and my paper on "The Paris School" of political economy in which they played an important part and my collection of key texts of the school

New this month to the eBook Collection on Liberty and Power - [ToC]

Blog posts:

1. “From Bayeux to Guernica: The Depiction of Power, Destruction, and Suffering in War Art” (19 August, 2023)

Talks and Papers:

• “From Bayeux to Guernica: The Depiction of Power, Destruction, and Suffering in War Art” (18 Aug. 2023) [PDF of lecture slides]
  • for this talk I updated my editions of the Bayeux Tapestry (or rather the "Canterbury Embroidery") in the "Schriber version" and the "Bayeux Museum version".

Additions to the Library:

• David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40): "enhanced HTML" of the 1st ed. of 1739-40 and a facs. PDF of the 1896 reprint by Selby-Bigge; ebook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• building upon Roy Child's "Open Letter,” the following year Morris and Linda Tannehill applied Objectivist theory to a more detailed critique of the state and provided a comprehensive picture of what a true “laissez-faire society” might look like in The Market For Liberty (1970): "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• Roy Childs, "An Open Letter to Ayn Rand: Objectivism and the State" (1969) in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF.
• Some time ago I created a list of the works of Frédéric Bastiat in chronological order by date of publication or composition. I have a draft of a new version of the list which is in the form of sortable tables - one for essays and books and another for his correspondence. You can sort by ID number, date of publication, title, and its location on the website. It is a companion piece to my edition of his Oeuvres complètes listed below, to which my new list links.
• It is not commonly known that Bastiat wrote three different versions of his famous essay on “LÉtat” (The State):
  • a very short version in his small newspaper Jacques Bonhomme which he and a few mates handed out on the streets of Paris in June 1848;
  • a longer version he wrote for a high-brow journal, the Journal des Débats in September 1848, which has been ignored by Bastiat scholars and was not included in the OC
  • and a third even longer version which was published as a pamphlet (along with his essay on money “Maudit Argent” in 1849, probably in April when a new election was under way. This version has been ignored by Bastiat scholars and was not included in the OC. I have now put online the complete book L’État. Maudit Argent (1849) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • I also have an essay on the differences between these three versions - [to come]
• I am building my own edition (in French) of The Works of Frédéric Bastiat (1801-1850) (about) which eventually will be in chronological order by date of composition or publication (list only). The texts will be in the “enhanced HTML” format with original page numbers and the citation tool. This collection replaces an earlier one from Wikisource which unfortuinately had defective pagination and other problems. I have also found much cleaner copies of the facs. PDFs which i first downloaded and edited in 2010! The various components will go online as I complete them. It will be a composite collection made up of the following material:
  • Œuvres Complètes de Frédéric Bastiat. Ed. Prosper Paillottet (1st ed. in 6 vols. 1854-55; and 2nd ed. in 7 vols. 1862-64). These are mainly his essays, journal articles, newspaper articles, and letters:
    • Tome Premier. Correspondance, Mélanges (1862) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • Tome Deuxième. Le Libre-Échange (1862) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • Tome Quatrième: Sophismes Économiques, Petits Pamphlets I (1863) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • Tome Cinquième. Sophismes Économiques Petits Pamphlets II (1854) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • Tome Septième. Essais - Ébauches - Correspondance. (1864) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • first editions of his significant published books and pamphlets:
    • Cobden et la ligue, ou l’Agitation anglaise pour la liberté du commerce (1845) - Introduction only (not his translations) in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • Sophismes économiques (I) (1846) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • Sophismes économiques II (1848) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
      • see my combined "2 volumes in one" edition - "enhanced HTML"; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub (to come)
    • L’État. Maudit Argent (1849) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • La Loi (1850) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • Ce qu’on voit et ce qu’on ne voit pas, ou l’Économie politique en une leçon (1850) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • Harmonies économiques (1851) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • Articles originally published in journals which were later revised (sometimes substantially) for inclusion in his treatise Harmonies économiques [to come]
  • Speeches he gave in the Chamber of Deputies which were not included in the OC. [to come]
  • a collection of 40 letters by Bastiat published 27 years after his death: Frédéric Bastiat, Lettres d’un habitant des Landes (1877). In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• I also plan the following:
  • a reconstructiuon of the "definitive edition" of Harmonies économiques as Bastiat may have envisioned it by incuding drafts, chapters, and lectures which Paillottet missed
  • some anthologies of Bastiat's writings based upon themes with an introduction by me, such as
    • his dozen or so "Anti-Socialist Pamphlets" written during the height of the 1848 Revolution when socialism appeared to be a threat
    • his writings on "La Spoliation, la Classe, et l'État" (Plunder, Class, and the State) which might have been "volume 3" of his expanded treatise on "Harmonies" and "Disharmonies" - Introduction (an old version which I am revising); and the new Anthology in "enhanced HTML"

[Frédéric Bastiat (1801-1850)

Sir William Blackstone (1723-1780)

Cantillon, Richard (1680s-1734)

Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536)

New this month to the eBook Collection on Liberty and Power - [ToC]

Blog posts to Reflections on Liberty and Power:

1. “The intellectual antecedents of the idea of “anarcho-capitalism” (31 July, 2023) <>.
2. “The Class Structure of the Modern Welfare/Administrative State" (6 July, 2023)
3. “The Key Ideas behind Classical Liberal Class Analysis” (5 July, 2023)

Talks and Papers:

• An interview by Ross Cameron on TNT Radio on “The intellectual antecedents of the idea of “anarcho-capitalism” (30 July, 2023)
• “On Seeing and Not Seeing the True Cost of Government Intervention” (June 2023)
• “A Classical Liberal approach to understanding ‘Class’ and ‘Class Conflict’ in Australia” (July 2023): PDF of lecture slides
• "The Menagerie of War Art: From Bayeux to Guernica" (August 2023)
• "Who controls the "Political Machine"? Adam Smith on Faction, Interests, and Men of System" (Sept. 2023)

Additions to the Library:

• new to the library is an important mid-18th century work on “commerce”, or rather economics in general, by the Irish-French author Richard Cantillon (1680s-1734). It was published anoymously in London to escape the wrath of the French censors: Essai sur la nature du commerce en général (An Essay on the Nature of Commerce in General) (1755). In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• the classic work on English common law: William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, in 4 volumes (1765-1769). I have combined them into a single file - in “enhanced HTML” and facs. PDF [vol1 - vol2 - vol3 - vol4]; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• another edition of Erasmus which appeared in 1917, The Complaint of Peace (1521). The translation used was from an English edition which appeared during the Napoleonic Wars in 1802, or “The First Year of General Peace.” In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub. The 1802 edition is in facs. PDF.
• an updated version of a modernized version of an English translation of Erasmus’s Dulce Bellum Inexpertis (war is sweet to those who have not experienced it)(1517) which was published in 1534 as Bellum Erasmi (Erasmus on War). Note that this 1917 edition was published 400 years after its first appearance and when the First World War was underway and with a new title “Erasmus Against War”. In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• an updated version of a 1905 edition of Erasmus’s Enchiridion Militis Christiani (The Manual of the Christian Knight) (1501). It is a modernized version of William Tyndale’s 1533 translation. In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• new to the library is Alexis de Tocqueville’s unfinished history of the old regime and the French Revolution, L’Ancien Régime et la Révolution (1856): in “enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• an updated version of John Toland’s critique of the system of “party government” which had emerged since 1688 when King William of Orange replaced the Stuarts. His critique was taken up by Trench and Gordon in Cato’s Letters (1722-23), especially the idea that, once given power to rule over others, the government will continue to expand that power until it is resisted (as in 1776 in North America). See the quote below. John Toland, The Art of Governing by Partys: Particularly, in Religion, in Politics, in Parlament, on the Bench, and in the Ministry (1701). In “enhanced HTML” and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• James Mill (1773-1836) was one of the leaders of the “Reform Party” in England which lobbied to introduce democratic reforms so that the new middle class could have some say in the level of taxation and the amount and kind of economic regulation. They achieved this with the passage of the First Reform Act of 1832. Part of the campaign was the writing of essays for the major “Reviews” of the period: The British Review, The Westminster Review, and The London Review. See James Mill, An Anthology of Essays written for the Reviews (1815-1836) in facs. PDF and “enhanced HTML”; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub

Quote from John Trenchard, “The encroaching Nature of Power, ever to be watched and checked,” Cato's Letters (Saturday, February 9, 1723):

We know, by infinite examples and experience, that men possessed of power, rather than part with it, will do any thing, even the worst and the blackest, to keep it; and scarce ever any man upon earth went out of it as long as he could carry every thing his own way in it; and when he could not, he resigned. ...

It is the nature of power to be ever encroaching, and converting every extraordinary power, granted at particular times, and upon particular occasions, into an ordinary power, to be used at all times, and when there is no occasion; nor does it ever part willingly with any advantage. From this spirit it is, that occasional commissions have grown sometimes perpetual; that three years have been improved into seven, and one into twenty; and that when the people have done with their magistrates, their magistrates will not have done with the people.

John Toland (1670-1722)

Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536)

New this month to the eBook Collection on Liberty and Power - [ToC]

Blog posts:

1. [to come]

Talks and Papers:

• [to come]

Additions to the "Guillaumin Collection" (both new and upgraded older titles - now 91 and counting):

• Editor's Note: I have redesigned various aspects of the Guillaumin Collection.
  1. the “look” of the books in order to make these rather dense texts more readable online. The texts are now 600px wide (instead of 750), there is more spacing between the lines and the paragraphs, and the background colour is an off-white (based on the ideas of Edward Tufte). The general purpose of the Collection remains the same, namely to create a “near replica” of the original classic text which is suitable to be read online, searched, and downloaded and used for study and analysis.
  2. how the texts in the collection are listed. They are now in a table which can be sorted by author name, title, and date published. I have also added a picture of the author where this available, in order to remind us that these were real people who lived, thought, and wrote at a specific time and place.
• New titles added to the Library:
  1. the 1777 revised and corrected edition of Montesquieu (1689-1755), De l' Esprit des Lois (1st ed. 1748) in four volumes:
     1. T1: Avertissement et al.; Livres I-XII - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; ebook HTML, PDF. and ePub
     2. T2: Livres XIII-XXI - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; ebook HTML, PDF. and ePub
     3. T3: Livres XXII-XXIX - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; ebook HTML, PDF. and ePub
     4. T4: Livres XXX-XXXI; Défense de L’Esprit des Lois; Lysimaque; Table des matières - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; ebook HTML, PDF. and ePub
  2. even more Milton - his demolition job of the claims by King Charles to be a leHTMgitimate ruler by divine right and the wisdom of his policies and his behaviour while in office. The King justified his right to rule and his regime in a book he wrote shortly before his trial and death Eikon Basilike (”the King’s image”) (1649). Milton quickly responded with a devastating smashing of that “image” in Eikonoklastes (the Image Breaker). A 1904 reprint of the King’s book is online (in “basic HTML”). We have the second revised edition of Milton’s work published in 1650 in “enhanced HTML” and facs. PDF (both the 1649 edition in colour and the 1650 in B&W); and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub. See also my essays on the “image” of royalty as seen by Charles and Thomas Hobbes.
     1. “Making and Breaking the Image of King Charles I” RLP (27 May, 2021)
     2. “Thomas Hobbes’ Iconography of the Leviathan State” RLP (18 December, 2020)
  3. some more Milton, this time defending the Commonwealth (i.e. the republic) as the Stuart monarchy was being restored in 1660: John Milton, The Readie and Easie Way to establish a Free Commonwealth; and the Excellence therof com par'd with the Inconveniencies and Dangers of readmit­ting Kingship in this Nation (1660). In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; also in eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  4. John Milton (1608-1674) wrote The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates in 1649 to to justify the overthrow and execution of King Charles I. It was revised and edited by James Tyrrell and republished 40 years later at the time of the accession of William III to the throne. This version was entitled "Pro populo adversus tyrannos: or The sovereign Right and Power of the People over Tyrants, Clearly Stated and plainly Proved". In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; also in eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  5. a work by one of the late 16th century opponents (or “fighters”) of "tyrannical" monarchical power, the French diplomat and “Monarchomach”, Hubert Languet (1518–1581). Interestingly, it was translated into English in 1648 when opposition to the English crown by the Levellers and republicans was reaching its peak. It was first published in Latin in 1579 and in Edinburgh in order to escape the wrath of the French censors: “Stephan Junio” (Bruto Celta - the French Brutus), Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos: A Defence of Liberty Against Tyrants. Or, of the Lawful Power of the Prince Over The People, and of the People over the Prince (1648). In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; also eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  6. a work by another member of the Scottish Enlightenment John Millar (1735-1801): John Millar, The Origin of the Distinction of Ranks: Or, An Inquiry into the Circumstances which give rise to Influence and Authority, in the different Members of Society (1806) - in enhanced HTML and facs. PDF ; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  7. a work by the Scottish political theorist and early “sociologist” Adam Ferguson (1723-1797) who had an impact on Friedrich Hayek’s theory of spontaneous order: Adam Ferguson, An Essay on the History of Civil Society (1782) - in enhanced HTML and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  8. The English radical John Wade (1788-1875) wrote detailed analysis of the groups and "factions" (“classes”) which ruled the British state and benefited in various ways from access to this power. Beginning in 1819 and revised repeatedly up until 1835, his “Black Book of Corruption and Abuse” gave the names, dates, and specific amounts of those who benefitted. We have online the edition of 1835 and its companion Appendix. It is a model of what classical liberal class analysis can do and is something which should be applied to every state in the modern era. One of the glories of his work was the inclusion in 1831 of a cartoon showing the plundering of “Gulliver” by all the different vested interests who had privileged access to state power. [small version below; larger version here.]
     1. John Wade, The Black Book: An Exposition of Abuses in Church and State, Courts of Law, Municipal Corporations, and Public Companies (1835) - enhanced HTML and facs. PDF ; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
     2. John Wade, John Wade, Appendix to the Black Book: An Exposition of the Principles and Practices of the Reform Ministry and Parliament: the Church and the Dissenters; Catastrophe of The House of Lords; and Prospects of Tory Misrule (1835) - enhanced HTML and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  9. three posthumous works by John Dalberg-Acton (1834-1902), the "historian of liberty": Lectures on Modern History (1906). In facs. PDF and "enhanced HTML"; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  10. John Dalberg-Acton, The History of Freedom and Other Essays (1907). In facs. PDF and "enhanced HTML"; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  11. John Dalberg-Acton, Historical Essays & Studies (1907). In facs. PDF and "enhanced HTML"; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  12. James Mill (1773-1836), father of J.S., defends the "benefits of commerce" during the Napoleonic Wars : Commerce Defended. An answer to the arguments by which Mr. Spence, Mr. Cobbett, and others, have attempted to prove that commerce is not a source of national wealth (1808). In facs. PDF and "enhanced HTML"; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  13. the German language version of Eugen Richter, Sozialdemokratische Zukunftsbilder. Frei nach Bebel (1893) to add to the English translation which I have had online for some time, Pictures of the Socialistic Future (Freely adapted from Bebel) (1907). In facs. PDF and "enhanced HTML"; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  14. Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836) was an arch-foe of Napoléon who branded him an "idéologue". He wrote the Traité d'économie politique (1823). In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and in eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  15. James Tyrrell (1642-1718) was a close friend of John Locke and wrote his own crotique of defenders of the divine right of kings like "Sir" Robert Filmer: James Tyrrell, Patriarcha non Monarcha. The Patriarch Unmonarch’d … and the true Principles of Government and Property asserted (1681). In "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and in eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  16. The Dutch lense grinder and political philosopher Benedict (or Baruch) de Spinoza (1632-1677) was an advocate of religiouos toleration and limted government. The posthumously published “Tractatus Politicus” 1677) (in Latin) is a good short statement of his views: B.d.S. (Baruch de Spinoza), in Opera posthuma (1677) - "enhanced" HTML and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub. A late 19th century English translation can be found here.
  17. John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism (1863). In "enhanced" HTML and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub. Mill and Bentham were the main proponents of the "utilitarian" defence of limited government and free markets which became a rival to the "natural rights" defence whose main advocates in the 19th century were Thomas Hodgskin and Herbert Spencer.
• Older titles upgraded to the new "enhanced HTML" format:
  1. In 1792 Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) wrote his “attempt” to lay out the principles one would need to strictly limit the power of the state: Ideen zu einem Versuch, die Gränzen der Wirksamkeit des Staats zu bestimmen (1792). The full work was never published in his lifetime and only appeared in print in German in 1851. It was very quickly translated into English in 1854, just in time to influence John Stuart Mill as he was writing On Liberty (1859): Wilhelm von Humboldt, The Sphere and Duties of Government (1854) in “enhanced HTML” and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  2. John Trenchard (1662-1723) and Thomas Gordon (1691-1750) wrote a series of “letters” by “Cato” (144 in all) to journals between 1720-23 in which they criticized the corruption, stupidity, and immorality of the British government. They were enormously popular, especially in the American colonies, and went through many editions. We have online the 6th corrected edition of 1755:
     1. all “four volumes in one” - in “enhanced HTML”
     2. Volume 1: November 5, 1720 to June 17, 1721 - in “enhanced HTML” and facs. PDF ; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
     3. Volume 2: June 24, 1721 to March 3, 1722 - in “enhanced HTML” and facs. PDF ; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
     4. Volume 3: March 10, 1722 to December 1, 1722 - in “enhanced HTML” and facs. PDF ; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
     5. Volume 4: December 8, 1722 to December 7, 1723 - in “enhanced HTML” and facs. PDF ; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  3. James Mill, 12 Essays in the Supplement to the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1824). In facs. PDF and "enhanced HTML"; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
  4. The 1891 English translation of Spinoza's "chief works", including "The Political Treatise", has been upgraded to "enhanced HTML" and eBooks added to the collection: HTML, PDF, and ePub

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

Baruch de Spinoza (1632-1677)

Eugen Richter (1838-1906)

James Mill (1773-1836)

John Millar (1735-1801)

Adam Ferguson (1723-1797)

Hubert Languet (1518-1581)

John Milton (1608-1674)

New this month to the Guillaumin eBook Collection on Liberty and Power - [ToC]

Announcements:

• After working on the life and thought of Charles Comte (1782-1837) for 40 years I finally came across an image of him for the first time last week. It is a medallion from a collection in Le Louvre. It was made in 1833, presumably after he was elected to the Académie des sciences morales et politiques (the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences) after it was re-established in 1832 following the coming to power of the July Monarchy.
• Last month I was appointed an Adjunct Research Fellow with the Business School at the University of Western Australia, where I am now a "person" with a "profile"

Blog posts:

1. [to come]

Talks and Papers:

• [to come]

Additions to the "Guillaumin Collection" (now 63 titles in 84 volumes, and counting):

• Magna Carta (1215): This is my second "side-by-side" or "parallel" edition of the Magna Carta (Great Charter of Liberties) (1215). The first one contained the text of the Charter in a “vertical” parallel edition, with the original Latin on the left and an English translation on the right. The source text comes from McKechnie's edition and commentary from 1914 [HTML and facs. PDF]. My second version is a “horizontal” parallel edition which places the Latin text on top, with the English translation below. See the “enhanced HTML” and eBook HTML, PDF, ePub.
• A facs. PDF of Dunoyer's book L’Industrie et la morale considérées dans leurs rapports avec la liberté (Industry and Moral Theory considered in their Relationship with Liberty) (1825) was one of the first books I put online when I began this website - 27 June, 2010. I have finally got around to adding other versions: "enhanced HTML", a cleaner version of the facs. PDF, and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
• Last year I put together an anthology of the writings of Charles Comte and Charles Dunoyer from their very important journals Le Censeur (1814-15) and Le Censeur européen (1817-19). It was over 400 pages long and contained 35 articles, essays, and book reviews. This collection is now in “enhanced HTML” with the citation tool and original page numbers to help scholars cite them. See also the eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub versions. I am currently working on the larger theoretical books they wrote after their journal was closed down by the censors and they were forced into exile. Comte and Dunoyer were part of the “Paris School” of political economy and the social theory they developed at this time was known as “Industrialism” which was the foundation for their classical liberal theory of class analysis, on which I have also written [short version - long version].
• Some more 1st edition Shakespeare, this time poetry:
1. Venus and Adonis (1594): in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
2. Sonnets (with A Lovers Complaint) (1609): in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• Frédéric Bastiat died before he could complete his treatise on economics, Harmonies économiques. He published a version with 10 chapters in 1850 [facs. PDF]. His friends published a fuller version in 1851 from the papers Bastiat had left when he died. It is in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF [B&W and colour]; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
• Thomas Paine, Rights of Man: Being an Answer to Mr. Burke’s attack on the French Revolution (1791): in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• Edmund Burke, A Vindication of Natural Society: or, a View of the Miseries and Evils arising to Mankind from every Species of Artificial Society (1756): in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub

Additions to the Library:

• James Tyrrell, Patriarcha non Monarcha. The Patriarch Unmonarch’d (1691). facs. PDF and enhanced HTML.

Edmund Burke (1729-1797)

Thomas Paine (1737-1809)

[Frédéric Bastiat (1801-1850)

William Shakespeare
(1564-1616)

New this month to the Guillaumin eBook Collection on Liberty and Power - [ToC]

Blog posts:

1. [to come]

Talks and Papers:

• [to come]

Additions to the "Guillaumin Collection" (now 56 titles in 77 volumes, and counting):

• Ludwig von Mises’ great demolition job of the practicality (or even possibility) of a centrally planned economy (“socialism”) was published first as an essay in 1920 [in German and English] and then as a fully-fledged book in 1922. A revised edition was published 10 years later in 1932. We celebrated the centenary in 2021/22 with the first edit of our online version. Now I have returned to the text and upgraded it to the “enhanced HTML” version [and facs. PDF] along with its accompanying eBook formats:
  • Ludwig Mises, Die Gemeinwirtschaft: Untersuchungen über den Sozialismus (The Communal or Shared Economy: Investigations into Socialism) (1st ed. 1922, revised second ed. 1932): eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• Two collections of essays on political, historical, and economic topics by David Hume (1711-1776):
  • Essays, Moral and Political (1741) in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub. See also the 3rd revised edition of 1748 in facs. PDF only
  • Political Discourses (1752) in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• The precocious essay by a young 20 year old student, soon to be a magistrate in the French state, Étienne de la Boétie (1530-1563) on "Discours de la servitude volontaire" (A Speech on Voluntary Servitude") (1552-53) is now in "enhanced HTML" and eBook formats. La Boétie's discussion of how power is wielded, why the majority of people obey the minority who wield power, and how they might resist that power through civil disobedience, caught my attention again in October 2020 when obedience to Covid servitude was becoming entrenched and seemingly permanent. I put online a collection of editions of his work and wrote a short essay on the cover art of these books. It has now been added to my library of classic works on liberty and power. I have three editions:
  • an 18th century Enlglish translation which captures very well the rhetorical side of La Boétie's "speech": Stephen de la Boetie, Discourse of Voluntary Servitude (1735), in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, ePub
  • a version published in 1853 by Payen based upon the contemporary Mesme manuscript version: Notice Bio-Bibliographique sur La Boëtie L'ami de Montaigne (1853) in facs. PDF, "enhanced HTML"; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • an edition in modern French from 1922 by Paul Bonnefon: Discours de la servitude volontaire : suivie du Mémoire touchant l'édit de janvier 1562 (1922) in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, ePub
• The 4 volume expansion (yet again) of Voltaire's Philsophic Dictionary, this time called Questions sur l’Encyclopédie, par des amateurs (Questions about the Encyclopedia (posed) by some amateurs) (1774). The eBook versions of this work have enabled us to return to Voltaire's original scheme to make this "Dictionary" of Resaon and Liberty truly "portable":
  • vol1 “A - Bibliothèque”, 109 articles in eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • vol2 “Bien (Souverain) - Elie et Enoch”, 106 articles in eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • vol3 “Eloquence - Intolérance,” 99 articles in eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • vol4 “Juif - Zoroaster,” 127 articles in eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• The expanded 1769 edition of Voltaire's Dictionnaire philosophique, now called La Raison par alphabet (Reasoning by means of the alphabet), along with one of his most important political "dialogues" between "A", "B" and "C" - in "enhanced HTML", facs. PDF [vol1 and vol2], and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• the 1763 edition of Voltaire's Traite sur la Tolérance - in "enhanced HTML", facs. PDF, and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.

Additions to the Library:

• The manuscript of the young French Magistrate Étienne de la Boétie (1530-1563) on “La Servitude Volontaire” (Voluntary Servitude or Slavery) (written 1553) was privately circulated because of its radical content and was published in various pirated editions by French Protestants who opposed persecution by the French Catholic state. His friend Montaigne published a version which is the version which most people know. However, a copy of the original manuscript was in the possession of one of his contemporary critics Henri de Mesmes which was published in 1853 in a form which kept most of the original spelling. In 1922 Paul Bonnefon published a new stand alone version with fully modernized spelling.
  • a facs. PDF of the original Mesme manuscript
  • Payen's 1853 edition based upon the Mesme manuscript version: facs. PDF, "enhanced HTML"; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• Two collections of essays on political, historical, and economic topics by David Hume (1711-1776):
  • Essays, Moral and Political (1741) in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub. See also the 3rd revised edition of 1748 in facs. PDF only
  • Political Discourses (1752) in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• Voltaire kept expanding his "Philosophical Dictionary" in every new edition (and there were many) before his death in 1778. The most complete collection published in his lifetime was called Questions sur l’Encyclopédie, par des amateurs (Questions about the Encyclopedia (posed) by some amateurs) which was published anonymously in Geneva in 1774. Later editors of his works continued this practice of constant expansion and revision and it has become difficult to track what Voltaire wrote and when. The recently completed 8 volume edition of the Questions sur l’Encyclopédie (2008-2018) by the Voltaire Foundation in Oxford might shed some light on this problem. Note that 2024 will be the 250th anniversary of the publication of this book. I have been collecting and putting online my own edition of this nelgected although very important work:
1. as the "Philosophic Dictionary" grew in size it was no longer "portatif" (portable). It went from 73 articles in 244 pages in 1764, [facs. PDF only]
2. to the newly named and expanded work “La Raison par Alphabet” of 1769 with 116 articles in 577 pages - "enhanced HTML", facs. PDF [vol1 and vol2], and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
3. to a much, much larger work now called "Questions sur l’Encyclopédie, par des amateurs" first published in 9 volumes in 1770-71, and then in four volumes as part of an anonymous "Collection complette des oeuvres de Mr. de * * *" in 1774. This version of his "Dictionary" had a total of 441 articles in 2,120 pages. I am currently working on an enhanced HMTL edition of the 4 volume 1774 edition.
   1. the 1770-71 edition of Questions sur l’Encyclopédie, par des amateurs only in facs. PDF: vol1 - vol2 - vol3 - vol4 - vol5 - vol6 - vol7 - vol8 - vol9
   2. the 4 volume 1774 edition in "enhanced HTML" of vol1 - vol2 - vol3 - vol4 ; and facs. PDF of vol1 - vol2 - vol3 - vol4 - with eBook versions to come
   3. to help find your way around this large work, see the combined Tables of Contents of the 4 volumes with links to the relevant sections
4. Editor's Note: I have been using a very poorly coded and presented HTML version of "Questions sur l’Encyclopédie" put online by the Voltaire Foundation in Oxford and the ARTFL Project at the University of Chicago as part of their "TOUT VOLTAIRE" ("All of Voltaire") project. They claim that the edition they have online is the 4 volume 1774 edition from the Collection complette but additional material has been inserted (probably from other editions) without acknowledgement, the very numerous sub-headings have been left out, the order of the articles has been changed from the 1774 edition, the spelling has been modernised (which is partly useful and partly not), italicised words have not been italicised, the margin notes and footnotes have not been problerly coded and positioned, and they have not bothered to include the original page numbers of the book (which makes scholarly citation very difficult). I have done my best to rectify these serious problems.
• Voltaire's revised and expanded version of the Dictionnaire philosophique (1st ed. 1764) with a new name and one of his more imporatant political "dialogues": Voltaire, La Raison par alphabet. Sixième édition revuë, corrigée & augmentée par l’Auteur. (n.d., n.p., 1769). Première Partie A-I; Seconde Partie L-V; “L’A,B,C, Dix-sept Dialogues traduit de l’anglais.” - "enhanced HTML", facs. PDF [vol1 and vol2], and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• Voltaire's "curious dialogue" between "A", "B", and "C" was first published in London in 1762 under the guise of a "translation" (in order to avoid the censors): Voltaire, L’A, B, C, Dialogue curieux. Traduit de l’Anglais de Monsieur Huet (London: Robert Freeman, 1762). in facs. PDF only. See also the version in the Oeuvres complètes of 1879 - only in facs. PDF.
• A three volume collection of Voltaire's Dialogues et entretiens philosophiques (Dialogues and Philosophical Conversations) (1899): vol1 facs. PDF - vol2 facs. PDF - vol3 facs. PDF.

François-Marie Arouet (“Voltaire”) (1694-1778)

David Hume (1711-1776):

Étienne de la Boétie
(1530-1563)

Ludwig Mises (1881-1973)

New this month to the Guillaumin eBook Collection on Liberty and Power - [ToC]

Blog posts:

1. [to come]

Talks and Papers:

• [none at the moment]

Additions to the "Guillaumin Collection" (now 49 titles in 65 volumes, and counting):

• A favourite of mine is one of Richard Overton's many "verbal arrows" directed at "all tyrants and tyranny" in general while he was being held in prison. It is one of the great statements of "self-ownership" and the right to individual liberty which stems from it: Richard Overton, An Arrow Against all Tyrants and Tyrany, shot from the Prison of New-gate into the Prerogative Bowels of the Arbitrary House of Lords and all other Usurpers and Tyrants Whatsoever (12 Oct. 1646). It is part of my Leveller Tracts Collection and is now in "enhanced HTML", facs. PDF, and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
• Milton's poem about rebellion and obedience: Paradise Lost. A Poem in Twelve Books. The Second Edition. Revised and Augmented (1674) - in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• On a similar theme see John Milton, The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates: Proving, That it is Lawfull, and hath been held so through all Ages, for any who have the Power, to call to account a Tyrant, or wicked KING, and after due conviction, to depose and put him to death; if the ordinary MAGISTRATE have neglected or deny’d to doe it. And that they, who of late, so much blame Deposing, are the Men that did it themselves. (1650) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• In his book An Essay on the Trial by Jury (1852) Spooner states in the opening lines (p. 5) the role he thought juries had and should play in protecting Anglo-American liberty:

  "For more than six hundred years—that is, since Magna Carta, in 1215—there has been no clearer principle of English or American constitutional law, than that, in criminal cases, it is not only the right and duty of juries to judge what are the facts, what is the law, and what was the moral intent of the accused; but that it is also their right, and their primary and paramount duty, to judge of the justice of the law, and to hold all laws invalid, that are, in their opinion, unjust or oppressive, and all persons guiltless in violating, or resisting the execution of, such laws.
  
  Unless such be the right and duty of jurors, it is plain that, instead of juries being a “palladium of liberty”—a barrier against the tyranny and oppression of the government—they are really mere tools in its hands, for carrying into execution any injustice and oppression it may desire to have executed."

• See Spooner, An Essay on the Trial by Jury (1852) - "enhanced HTML"', facs. PDF, and eBook HTML, PFDF, and ePub.
• Spooner followed these provocative pamphlets with a pair of forthright letters to sitting politicians - Senator Thomas Bayard from Delaware and President Grover Cleveland - telling them very "frankly" that they had no legitimate right to hold office and exercise power over others and therefore that they were “usurpers and criminals”. See Letters to Senator Thomas Bayard (1882) and President Grover Cleveland (1886): Bayard facs. PDF and Cleveland PDF; "enhanced HTML"; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
• A bracing corrective to the views of Hamilton, Jay, and Madison on the American Constitution is provided by the American radical individualist Lysander Spooner (1808-1887) who argued in a series of pamphlets written between 1867 and 1870 that is was "no treason" to withold or withdraw one's consent to be governed by a particular government or constititution. He argued that in most cases people living today had never been asked for, or given their consent to be subject to this constitution; or if they had done so, they were within their rights to withdraw that consent and leave at any time, just like they had the right to join or not join, or leave a church or a sporting club. The three pamphlets on No Treason are in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDFs for each individual pamplet : No. 1 - No. II - No. VI; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
• I have written an introduction to the Guillaumin Collection describing how the texts are coded and formatted (and why), the various electronic versions the texts are in, and their source.
• Thomas Paine's Rights of Man. Part the Second. Combining Principle and Practice (1792) in "enhanced HTML", facs. PDF; and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
• Little known in his lifetime, Wilhelm von Humboldt’s Ideen zu einem Versuch, die Gränzen der Wirksamkeit des Staats zu bestimmen (Some Ideas in an Attempt to determine the Limits of the Functions of the State) only came to light in the 1850s. He wrote it as a series of essays in 1792 during the French Revolution, a couple of which were published at the time. He did not publish the complete book in his lifetime, perhaps fearing how radical it was now that he had become a senior public servant in the Prussian education system. It was eventually published in 1851 in German and was quickly translated into English in 1854, just in time to have an impact on John Stuart Mill who acknowledged Humboldt's influence on his thinking in On Liberty which was published in 1859.
  • the original German version in enhanced HTML, facs. PDF, and eBook formats - HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • the English tanslation, The Sphere and Duties of Government (1854) in standard HTML (now upgraded to enhanced HTML) and facs. PDF.
• One of the great debates about the perennial problem of "the proper sphere of government" (as Herbert Spencer put it) was in 1787-88 between "The Federalists" (who were really "The Centralists") and "The Anti-Federalists" (who were really the "True Federalists") about the new American Constitution. The corrective to the mainstream pro "Federalist" approach is Lysander Spooner's series of pamphlets on "The Constitution of No Authority" (1867-70) amd his letters to Senator Bayard (1882) and President Cleveland (1886).
• To put only one side of this debate online, I have added my "enhanced HTML" version of the first edition of The Federalist (1788) even though my sympathies lie with the "True Federalists" and not Hamilton et al. I have used the copies held by the Library of Congress (owned by Thomas Jefferson) and the Boston Public Library. I was surpised to find that the LoC copy (vol. 2) is missing 12 pages and this is not stated on their website. So I had to also use the Boston PL version as well. I presume the people in Congress have read one of the founding documents of their government and noticed this fact - but perhaps not ...
  • See the facs PDFs:
    • LoC copy: vol1 and vol2
    • Boston PL copy: vol1 and vol2
  • And the eBooks (2 vols in 1): HTML, PDF, and ePub
• I also note how hard it was to find a corrected HTML version of the text with the original page numbers. The University of Michigan hosts the Evans Early American Imprint Collection which has a copy which includes this vital information, but it has several serious flaws which make it hard for the user. Again I found this surprising given the text's status as a "holy text" of the American founding. For example, the "footnotes" are not included in or alongside the text (they are "pop ups") and there were 389 uncorrected "gaps" in the text which were easily corrected by comparing the HTML against the facs. PDFs. The proof-readers seemed to be uncertain that the word "leg(?)slature" might be "legislature". Multiply this stupidity by nearly 400 and you get the picture.
• the mature Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was wrapping up his long and productive life with the publication of his two magna opera:
  • Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Ethics. In Two Volumes 1896-97) - in facs. PDF [vol1 and vol2], the "enhanced HTML" (2 vols. in 1),and eBook formats for each volume (to come):
    • vol.1 - HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • vol.2 - HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Sociology. In Three Volumes (1898) - in facs. PDF [vol1 and vol2 and vol3], the "enhanced HTML" (3 vols. in 1), and eBook formats for each volume:
    • vol.1 - HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • vol.2 - HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • vol.3 - HTML, PDF, and ePub
• an early work by Herbert Spencer, The Proper Sphere of Government (1843) where he shows his radical or "true liberal" colours - in facs. PDF, the "enhanced HTML", and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
• Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792) - "enhanced HTML" and eBook HTML, PDF, ePub. The HTML is of the London editon of 1792, but I couldn't find a facs. PDF of this edition but I do have that of the Boston edition of 1792. (with different page numbering)
• Frédéric Bastiat's Sophismes économiques:
  • the first edition of Sophismes économiques (1846) in facs. PDF [B&W 4.2 MB] and [colour 39.4 MB]; “enhanced” HTML, and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • the first edition of the sequel Sophismes économiques. Deuxième Série. (1848) in facs. PDF [colour 45.5 MB and B&W 5.1 MB]; “enhanced” HTML, and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • and a “2 volumes in 1” version in “enhanced” HTML only
  • My edition of the two series of “Sophismes Économiques” is in memory of Michel Leter who edited a volume for “La Bibliothèque classique de la Liberté” for Les Belles Lettres publisher in Paris in 2005 (reissued in 2009). The volume also includes an insightful Preface, “Frédéric Bastiat et les fondements littéraires de l’analyse économique,” pp. 7-38. I should also mention his pioneering essay on “L’École de Paris” of which Bastiat was an important member: Michel Leter, “Éléments pour une étude de l’École de Paris (1803-1852)," in Histoire du libéralisme en Europe, eds. Philippe Nemo and Jean Petitot (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2006), pp. 429-509. [See my own essay on the Paris School and my collection of their key texts.]
• Another addition to the "Guillaumin Collection" of enhanced HTML texts: William Godwin, An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, and its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness (1793)  - in enhanced HTML and eBooks in HTML, PDF, ePub and the zipped collection.
• I have also created an "enhanced HTML" version of a modern edition of the plays of Shakespeare based on the Oxford edition of 1916. Because of its size and complexity I have split the plays into three parts, based upon the categories used in the First Folio edition:
  • The Comedies - [enhanced HTML and facs. PDF]
  • The Histories - [enhanced HTML and facs. PDF]
  • The Tragedies - [enhanced HTML and facs. PDF]
• This year is a good year for celebrating some anniversaries of important authors by adding some of their works to the Guiillaumin Collection of enhanced HTML and eBook formats. For example 2023 is:
  • the 400th anniversary of the publication of the first Folio Edition of the plays of William Shakespeare (1564-1616) in 1623. This month I have put online an enhanced HTML version to complement the facs PDF edition [164.1 MB]. I have also created eBook versions of this text but I had to split it up into three because of its size:
    • The Comedies: HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • The Histories: HTML, PDF, and ePub
    • The Tragedies: HTML, PDF, and ePub
  • the 400th anniversary of the birth of birth of Algernon Sidney (1623-1683) whose posthumous work Discourses concerning Government (1698) is available in enhanced HTML and eBook formats.
  • the 300th anniversary of the birth of Adam Smith (1723-1790), in celebration of which I have put online the first edtion of The Wealth of Nations (1776) and the 1790 edition of The Theory of Moral Seniments (1790). Both titles are available in enhanced HTML and eBook formats.
  • the 200th anniversary of the publication of Benjamin Constant's work on economics Commentaire sur l’ouvrage de Filangieri (1822-24).
  • the 100th anniversary of the death of Vilfredo Pareto (1845-1923) whose Traité de sociologie générale (1917) is online in enhanced HTML and eBook formats.

Additions to the Library:

• John Milton, Paradise Lost. A Poem in Twelve Books. The Second Edition. Revised and Augmented (1674) - in "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF;
• Lysander Spooner, An Essay on the Trial by Jury (1852) - "enhanced HTML"', facs. PDF, - "enhanced HTML"', facs. PDF, and eBook HTML, PFDF, and ePub.
• Herbert Spencer, The Proper Sphere of Government (1843) - the "enhanced HTML" and eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub.
• Hamilton, Jay, Madison, of The Federalist (1788) - "enhanced HTML" and facs. PDF Boston PL copy: vol1 and vol2 - eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub

William Shakespeare
(1564-1616)

William Godwin (1756-1836)

[Frédéric Bastiat (1801-1850)

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)

Thomas Paine (1737-1809)

Lysander Spooner (1808-1887)

John Milton (1608-1674)

New this month to the Guillaumin eBook Collection on Liberty and Power - [ToC]

Blog posts:

1. [to come]

Talks and Papers:

• [none at the moment]

Additions to the "Guillaumin Collection":

• I have renamed my growing eBook collection of classic works about liberty and power the "Guillaumin Collection" in honour of the French publishing firm run by Gilbert-Urbain Guillaumin (1801-64) and his two daughters Félicité and Pauline which published some 2,359 books, journals, dictionaries, and encyclopedias between 1837 and 1910. The books in the "Guillaumin Collection" have been more richly coded and have some features which other titles in the library do not have, such as the original page numbers, formatting which makes it look as much like the original text as possible, and a citation tool which makes it possible for scholars to link to an individual paragraph which is of interest to them.
• There are some 35 titles in the collection so far and more are planned. These books are in their original language, and are based upon either the 1st ed. or the last edtion published in the author's lifetime. The texts are available in the more richly coded HTML as well as in a variety of eBook formats for reading on portable devices (HTML, PDF, and ePub). See my blog post on the editing philosophy behind this.
• The following works in the Collection now have the "Wombat" Java-based citation tool activated (some 34 out of 35):
  1. Algernon Sidney, Discourses concerning Government (1698)
  2. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (1690)
  3. Turgot, Réflexions sur la formation et la distribution des richesses (1766).
  4. Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776)
     1. The Edwin Cannan edition of 1904.
  5. Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1790)
  6. Condorcet, Esquisse d’un tableau historique des progrès de l’esprit humain (1795).
  7. Immanuel Kant, Zum ewigen Frieden; Ein philosophischer Entwurf (1795).
  8. Benjamin Constant, Principes de politique (1815)
  9. Comte and Dunoyer, An Anthology of Articles from Le Censeur and Le Censeur européen (1814-19).
  10. Benjamin Constant, Commentaire sur l’ouvrage de Filangieri (1822-24).
  11. Thomas Hodgskin, The Natural and Artificial Right of Property Contrasted (1832).
  12. Jean-Baptiste Say, Traité d’économie politique (6th ed. 1841).
  13. Frédéric Bastiat, “Introduction”, Cobden et La Ligue (1845).
  14. Alexis de Tocqueville, De la Démocratie en Amérique (1848 ed.).
  15. Gustave de Molinari, Les Soirées de la rue Saint-Lazare (1849).
  16. Frédéric Bastiat, Ce qu’on voit et ce qu’on ne voit pas (1850).
  17. Frédéric Bastiat, La Loi (1850).
  18. Herbert Spencer, Social Statics (1851).
  19. Gustave de Molinari, Cours d’économie politique (1863).
  20. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1869)
  21. John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women (1869)
  22. Gustave de Molinari, L’évolution économique du XIXe siècle: théorie du progrès (1880).
  23. Gustave de Molinari, L’évolution politique et la Révolution (1884).
  24. Henry George, Protection or Free Trade (1886).
  25. Bruce Smith, Liberty and Liberalism (1887)
  26. Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Sociology (1898). 3 vols in 1.
  27. Gustave de Molinari, Grandeur et décadence de la guerre (1898).
  28. Franz Oppenheimer, Der Staat (1907).
  29. James Coolidge Carter, Law: Its Origin, Growth and Function (1907).
  30. Gustave de Molinari, Économie de l'histoire: Théorie de l'Évolution (1908).
  31. Vilfredo Pareto, Traité de sociologie générale (1917-19).
  32. Franz Oppenheimer, System der soziologie: Der Staat (1926).
  33. Friedrich von Wieser, Das Gesetz der Macht (1926).
  34. Ludwig von Mises, Liberalismus (1927)
• works in preparation or under consideration:
• Bastiat, Sophismes économiques (1st series 1846, 2nd series 1848)
• Charles Coquelin, Du Crédit et des Banques (1848)
• Bastiat, Harmonies économiques (2nd enlarged edition of 1851)
• JS. Mill, The Principles of Political Economy (1871)
• Edwin Cannan, Elementary Political Economy (3rd ed. 1903)
• Philip H. Wicksteed, The Commonsense of Political Economy (1910)
• Mises, Die Gemeinwirtschaft (1932 ed.)

Additions to the Main Library:

• I have added a new feature to my collection which I have been working on for some time, namely to be able to easily link to a key passage in a text you want to cite in an essay or article. It uses Java script called "Wombat" which is a Java-based "standalone client-side URL rewriting system", and which is most appropriate for someone living and working in Australia. [See the Wikipedia article on wombats and their very determined digging and burrowing behaviour.] It takes the unique paragraph IDs I have inserted into the text and packages them in a full URL which links directly to that paragraph, which you can copy and paste into your essay. I have tested it on a work by the Australian radical liberal politician and political theorist Bruce Smith (1851-1937) as it seemed important to continue the Australian theme. You can see the results here. A description of what it does follows:
  • I have added unique paragraph IDs into the texts which allows the user to identify and select a paragraph for citation purposes. First click on the selected paragraph, then choose to the left of the paragraph the "anchor" icon (for the URL which provides a direct link to that paragraph), or the "star" icon (for the full bibliographical citation based upon the style selected at the top of the page, along with the URL for that paragraph). See the illustrated "How to use the Citation Tool" for details.
  • I have also inserted and highlighted the page numbers of the original edition, if you wish to cite in the old fashioned way. You can also download and read the facsimile PDF of the original edition of the text.
• to mark the 200th anniversary of the birth of Adam Smith (1723-1790) I have put online the following:
  • the original 1776 edition of The Wealth of Nations - "2 volumes in 1" - in HTML and facs. PDF [vol1 and vol2]; ebook HTML - PDF - ePub. Previously, I had online the 1904 Cannan edition.
  • the revised edition of The Theory of Moral Sentiments which appeared in 1790 shortly before he died. The 1st edition had appeared in 1759. Earlier I had put online Dugald Stewart's edition of 1853. Again, I have created a "2 volumes in 1" edition. See the standard HTML version; the facs. PDF [vol1 and vol2]; and in eBook HTML, PDF, and ePub [and the zipped collection].
• the French political theorist and economist Benjamin Constant (1767-1830) wrote two versions of his defence of limited constitutional government, Principes de politique, applicables à tous les gouvernements représentatifs (Principles of Politics which are Applicable to all Representative Governments), a long one between 1806-10 which he couldn't publish in his lifetime given the problem of censorship (the manuscript was eventually published in 1980, a copy of which can be found here), and a shorter one in 1815 as Napoleon's dictatorship was crumbling and the newly restored Monarchy was getting established. We now have the 1815 edition in standard HTML, facs. PDF and eBooks in HTML - PDF - ePub [and zipped as a collection].

"Fatso the Fat-Arsed Wombat" (2000) Fatso was a key figure in Roy and H.G.'s mockery of the 2000 Sydney Olympics.

Benjamin Constant
(1767-1830)

Adam Smith (1723-1790)

Bruce Smith (1851-1937)

New this month to the Guillaumin eBook Collection on Liberty and Power - [ToC]