{"id":1582,"date":"2022-09-03T20:35:37","date_gmt":"2022-09-03T09:35:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/?p=1582"},"modified":"2026-06-26T17:13:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T07:13:25","slug":"my-research-on-the-paris-school","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/my-research-on-the-paris-school\/","title":{"rendered":"My Research on the Paris School"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Part I: The Rise of \u201cThe Economists\u201d and the Heyday of the Paris School  in the First Half of the 19th Century<\/li>\n<li>Part II: The Late 19th Century and the Decline of \u201cThe School of Liberty\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Part III: Texts and Editions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some blog posts in which I which summarise my thoughts:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>\u201c An Introduction to the Paris School of Political Economy\u201d (7 Aug. 2022) &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/an-introduction-to-the-paris-school-of-political-economy\/\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/archives\/1579<\/a>)&gt;<\/li>\n<li>\u201cThe Guillaumin Network and the Paris School of Political Economy\u201d (7 Aug. 2022) &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/the-guillaumin-network-and-the-paris-school-of-political-economy\/\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/archives\/1577<\/a>&gt;<\/li>\n<li>\u201cA Publishing History of the Guillaumin Firm (1837-1910)\u201d (5 Aug. 2022) &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/a-publishing-history-of-the-guillaumin-firm-1837-1910\/\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/archives\/1575<\/a>&gt;<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSome Thoughts on Editing, Translating, and Displaying online the Work of the French \u2018\u00c9conomistes\u2019\u201d  (4 Aug. 2022) &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/some-thoughts-on-editing-translating-and-displaying-online-the-work-of-the-french-economistes\/\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/archives\/1566<\/a>&gt;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"Part I: The Rise of \u201cThe Economists\u201d and the Heyday of the Paris School in the First Half of the 19th Century\">Part I: The Rise of \u201cThe Economists\u201d and the Heyday of the Paris School in the First Half of the 19th Century<\/h2>\n<p>David M. Hart, \u201cThe Paris School of Liberal Political Economy, 1803-1853\u201d (2022)<\/p>\n<p>Abstract:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The study of a large group like the \u201cParis School\u201d of political economy over the course of the 19th century reveals some interesting issues for historians of economic thought. In addition to whatever theoretical innovations some of them may have produced (such as an early formulation of subjective value theory (Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bastiat), the important role of the entrepreneur (Gustave de Molinari), and free banking (Charles Coquelin)), there are also fascinating sociological issues such as how they organised themselves into professional associations (such as the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences (which had a Political Economy section) and the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9conomie politique); how they networked socially with other elites via the various salons they organised in Paris; how they sought to apply their radical free market ideas to current political issues of the day though organisations such as the French Free Trade Association (organized by Bastiat) and the Friends of Peace organization (organized by Joseph Garnier); how they struggled to break into the state controlled university system which was hostile to free market ideas and sought to ghettoize the teaching of economics in the Law Faculties; and how they spread their ideas to a broader audience by means of the Guillaumin publishing firm which dominated economic publishing for over 70 years with the school\u2019s main journal, the <i>Journal des \u00e9conomistes<\/i> and some 2,356 books, dictionaries, and encyclopedias which appeared between 1837-1910. Many members of the school also turned their hand to popularising economic ideas among the general public with varying degrees of success. Thus my paper will analyze the Paris School from the perspective of the history of ideas as well as the sociology of ideas in order to understand better the richness and complexity of this interesting group of economists.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Short published version (11 pp.):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>David M. Hart, \u201cThe Paris School of Liberal Political Economy\u201d in <i>The Cambridge History of French Thought<\/i>, ed. Michael Moriarty and Jeremy Jennings (Cambridge University Press, 2019), pp. 301-12. Facs. PDF &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/ParisSchool\/DMH-ParisSchool-2019.pdf\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/ParisSchool\/DMH-ParisSchool-2019.pdf<\/a>&gt;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Long version online (175 pp. or 46K words):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>David M. Hart, \u201cThe Paris School of Liberal Political Economy, 1803-1853)\u201d. In HTML &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/ParisSchool\/index.html\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/ParisSchool\/index.html<\/a>&gt; and text PDF &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/ParisSchool\/DMH-ParisSchool-21March2018.pdf\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/ParisSchool\/DMH-ParisSchool-21March2018.pdf<\/a>&gt;. This consists of:\n<ul>\n<li> my analysis of the first three generations of the school<\/li>\n<li> a Biographical Appendix of the Paris School &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/ParisSchool\/index.html#appendix:thethreegenerationsoftheparisschool\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/ParisSchool\/index.html#appendix:thethreegenerationsoftheparisschool<\/a>&gt;<\/li>\n<li> an Appendix on the Publishing History of Guillaumin Firm &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/ParisSchool\/index.html#appendixonthepublishinghistoryoftheguillauminfirm\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/ParisSchool\/index.html#appendixonthepublishinghistoryoftheguillauminfirm<\/a>&gt;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"The Paris School Part II: The Late 19th Century and the Decline of \u201cThe School of Liberty\u201d\">The Paris School Part II: The Late 19th Century and the Decline of \u201cThe School of Liberty\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>David M. Hart, \u201cFr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Passy and \u201cThe School of Liberty\u201d (April, 1890)\u201d (2017)<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Summary: The Swiss Christian Society of Social Economy held a conference in the Great Hall of the University of Geneva between February and April 1890 to present to the public what the Society considered to be the leading representatives of the main schools of economic thought in the French-speaking world at the time. These were Claudio Jannet representing the School of State Socialism and Catholic Paternalism, Gaston Stiegler representing the Revolutionary Socialist School, Charles Gide representing the School of Socialist Solidarity, and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Passy representing the \u201cSchool of Liberty\u201d, otherwise known as free market economics. After the first three speakers had finished attacking every aspect of \u201cheartless\u201d free market economic thought Passy presented a vigorous defence of his school. My introduction puts this debate in its intellectual and political context and summarises the main criticisms levelled against the \u201cschool of liberty\u201d and Passy\u2019s defence. This is followed by a translation of Passy\u2019s speech.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cIntroduction by David M. Hart:  For Whom the Bell Tolls: The School of Liberty and the Rise of Interventionism in French Political Economy in the late 19th Century\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Translation of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Passy, \u201cThe School of Liberty\u201d (1890)<\/li>\n<li>Online version in HTML: &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/Passy\/Passy_SchoolLiberty.html\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/Passy\/Passy_School%20Liberty.html<\/a>&gt;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Published version: <i>Journal of Markets and Morality<\/i>, vol. 20, Number 2 (Fall 2017), pp. 383-412.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Online PDF version &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/Passy\/DMH_Passy_JMM2018.pdf\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Papers\/Passy\/DMH_Passy_JMM2018.pdf<\/a>&gt;<\/li>\n<li>\u201cIntroduction: For Whom the Bell Tolls: The School of Liberty and the Rise of Interventionism in French Political Economy in the late 19th Century\u201d, pp. 383-412.<\/li>\n<li>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Passy, \u201cThe School of Liberty\u201d (1890), pp. 413-69.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"Part III: Texts and Editions\">Part III: Texts and Editions<\/h2>\n<p>I have been collecting, editing, and putting online many texts of the Paris School on my personal website which is summarized here &#8211; \u201cThe Paris School of Political Economy\u201d &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Index-Pages\/paris-school.html\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Index-Pages\/paris-school.html<\/a>&gt;.<\/p>\n<p>The collection includes my own e-Book editions of some of the key texts &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Index-Pages\/paris-school.html#keypeople\">http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/liberty\/Index-Pages\/paris-school.html#keypeople<\/a>&gt;, which to date includes:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Turgot, <i>R\u00e9flexions sur la formation et la distribution des richesses<\/i> (1766, 1770)<\/li>\n<li>Condorcet, <i>Esquisse d\u2019un tableau historique des progr\u00e8s de l\u2019esprit humain<\/i> (1795)<\/li>\n<li>J.B. Say, <i>Trait\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9conomie politique<\/i> (1803) (1841 6th edition)<\/li>\n<li>Constant, <i>Commentaire sur l\u2019ouvrage de Filangieri<\/i> (1822-24)<\/li>\n<li>(in progress): Coquelin, <i>Du Cr\u00e9dit et des Banques<\/i> (1848)<\/li>\n<li>Molinari, <i>Les Soir\u00e9es de la rue Saint-Lazare<\/i> (1849)<\/li>\n<li>Molinari, <i>Cours d\u2019\u00e9conomie politique<\/i> (1863)<\/li>\n<li>Bastiat, \u201cIntroduction\u201d to<i>Cobden et la Ligue<\/i> (1845)<\/li>\n<li>Bastiat, <i>Ce qu\u2019on voit et ce qu\u2019on ne voit pas<\/i> (1850)<\/li>\n<li>Bastiat, <i>La Loi<\/i>(1850)<\/li>\n<li>(in progress): Bastiat, <i>Harmonies \u00e9conomiques<\/i> (2nd enlarged edition of 1851)<\/li>\n<li>Molinari, <i>L\u2019\u00e9volution \u00e9conomique du XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/i> (1880)<\/li>\n<li>Molinari, <i>L\u2019\u00e9volution politique et la R\u00e9volution<\/i> (1884)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Part I: The Rise of \u201cThe Economists\u201d and the Heyday of the Paris School in the First Half of the 19th Century Part II: The Late 19th Century and the Decline of \u201cThe School of Liberty\u201d Part III: Texts and Editions Some blog posts in which I which summarise my thoughts: \u201c An Introduction to &#8230; <a title=\"My Research on the Paris School\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/my-research-on-the-paris-school\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about My Research on the Paris School\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bastiat"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1582"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":204726,"href":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1582\/revisions\/204726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/davidmhart.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}